Market Entry Strategies Essay Example Essay Example

Market Entry Strategies Essay Example Paper Market Entry Strategies Essay Introduction Market Entry Strategies Sam C. Okoroafo – Modes of Entering Foreign Markets Okoroafo produced an article detailing a four step strategic model that firms should take into account when deciding modes of entering foreign markets. The model consists of four steps: 1. Determine the feasible modes of operation (MOO) There are many modes of operation suggested by many different researchers; however, â€Å"Some countries may prohibit use of some MOOs for reasons related to achieving their economic objectives†. This is supported by the suggestion of barriers to entry or threat of new entrants outlined in Porter’s Five Forces model. This is a factor that should be seriously considered by any firm producing alcoholic beverages as there are more likely to be legislation against the trade of such products. However, Australia has a bilateral agreement with the EU which suggests that importing wine into the Australian market should not be hindered by any laws or legislation su ch as tax or refusing entry into the market. 2. Arrange modes of operation in a continuum The identified modes of operation â€Å"need to be arranged in a continuum of increasing risk and commitment† Okoroafo suggests that the firm needs to start with the mode of entry that is the least risky and requires the last commitment. 3. Choose a mode of operation substitution pattern There are two substitution patterns outlined in Okoroafo’s model the incremental approach or the non incremental approach. The incremental approach â€Å"can be used in markets where environmental factors and host government laws are favourable†. This would be the case for the European firm. Market Entry Strategies Essay Body Paragraphs The non-incremental approach is â€Å"when the firm analyses environmental factors and it may see imposition of mandated countertrade as prohibiting it from exporting to that market†. If this was the case the firm would have to use firm specific factors to decide their mode of entry. 4. Choose a mode of entry Okoroafo suggested that â€Å"it is necessary to distinguish two types of variables† variables which are used to evaluate substitution of all modes â€Å"universal entry factors† or factors which influence specific entry modes, for example â€Å"Export-specific factors† and â€Å"licensing-specific factors†. As the European firm wants to import wine it is likely that they will need to consider licensing specific factors in great detail. Methods of Entry Exporting Exporting could be considered as one of the easiest method of entering the market. The advantages to the firm of only exporting their products is that it has relatively low financial r isk and low set up costs, however it should be considered as to whether the product would be cheaper to manufacture and distribute abroad due to the high costs of shipping such a heavy product as bottles of wine over to Australia from Europe. It is likely that the company will want to use a local agent to sell their product as they will have local knowledge of the market and business contacts in Australia. However this could be disadvantageous to the European firm because it is a possibility that they could lose their brand recognition and authenticity that comes with European wine. Licensing, franchising and subcontracting Advantages of licensing, franchising and subcontracting are that that it is also relatively low cost, similarly to exporting. There is also more control over the operation and distribution of the product, the firm can decide where and how their product is going to be retailed. In franchises, the franchisee also shares the risk of failure with the original firm, a nd they have a direct interest into the success of the brand. This is also coupled with their local knowledge and drive to expand their business. However, licensing and franchising would mean that the European firm has less contact with their consumers than they would have if they were only exporting the products, this also means that they lose direct control of operations, such as quality control and standards. Although franchises means that the risk is shared, it also means that the profits are shared so the European firm would not see as much return on their product sales as they would have hoped. However, this method of market entry may be considered as the European firm will be new to the Australian market and will need some help in establishing their products and brand. Joint ventures When setting up joint ventures and alliances, there is a detailed formal agreement which outlines who is involved in the business, who owns the assets, the management and control of the business, and termination of the venture. This means that there is shared risk, shared knowledge and expertise and ultimately a competitive advantage if two firms are in partnership with each other. However this might mean that the competition is reduced and therefore Porter’s National Diamond framework that suggests that rivalry and competition strengthens a business’ national advantage is weaker. Strategic Alliances, mergers and Acquisitions A strategic alliance is defined in International business 5th edition (Rugman and Collinson) as â€Å"a business relationship in which two or more companies work together to achieve a collective advantage† The benefits of developing a strategic alliance for the European firm would be that they would be able to acquire knowledge of new markets and technology, develop closer links with their suppliers and customers and to reduce the pressure of competing with large competitors who are already established in the Australian market. If the European firm was to consider a strategic alliance it is assumed that it would be with another Australian firm, however, they could identify another European firm who has been successful in the Australian market. Both of these options would have their advantages and disadvantages, if the European firm teamed up with another European firm then they would be able to combine their authenticity of European wine and use that as a unique selling point to the Australians. However, if the European firm was to team up with an Australian firm they would be able to learn more about the Australian culture and market demands. Strategic Alliances have been criticised by a number of researchers who suggest that most alliances tend to fail or disintegrate over time; Ellis, (1996) noted that 60% of all alliances eventually fail. This is supported by research from Segil (1998), â€Å"the rate of alliance success is diminishing. Whereas KPMG (1999) suggested that up to â€Å"83% of mergers and a cquisitions were unsuccessful in producing business benefit for shareholders. These statistics need to be carefully considered before deciding whether or not to develop a strategic alliance with another firm. A merger is defined as â€Å"two organisations who agree to join together and pool their assets in a new business entity†. Whereas an acquisition is defined as the â€Å"joining of two unequal partners† Porter’s Acquisition Strategy (1987) suggests three factors that should be considered before embarking on an acquisition. The attractiveness, where ideally firms should have above average profits in their industry or industry segment. This would make the European firm attractive for an acquisition as they are a global business offering their products around the world; therefore it is assumed that they are reasonably successful in their home country already. The cost of entry is another factor that Porter said firms should take into account before embarking o n an acquisition. This includes the direct costs and indirect costs such as management time and integration costs. This is likely to be more costly for the European firm as they will inevitably have to relocate part, if not the entirety of their business into another country. The third factor that should be taken into consideration is the competitive advantage. This takes into account synergy, where the resources are more effectively exploited by the merged businesses. Although there is significant evidence to suggest that partnerships with other firms such as strategic alliances, mergers and acquisitions are likely to fail there are ways to increase the chance of success, as adapted from Payne (1987), Shelton (1988) and Sirower (1997). These measures include, evaluating the target firm’s competitive position, their culture for compatibility, ensure key resources can be retained after the merger, ensure a realistic price is paid for the target’s stock and plan the post merger process carefully. These measures are to ensure that if a merger does not succeed, the firm is still likely to be successful within the market, regardless of whether they are partnered with another firm. Issues in Cross Border Mergers Issues that have to be taken into consideration before a firm from a different region or country merges with another firm are, the role of the government, advisors and their costs, national culture and business ethics, geography, strategic shareholdings, experience and global corporations. Barriers to Entry Levy Payments â€Å"Federal legislation requires the payment of levies by wine producers and exporters to help fund the activities of the Australian Wine and Brandy Corporation and the Grape and Wine Research and Development Corporation. Trade agreements â€Å"The Agreement between Australia and the European Community on Trade in Wine signed in Brussels on 1 December 2008 is a formal international agreement that regulates the trade in wine between Australia and the European Community. † â€Å"The ultimate multi-lateral agreement is that involving all 148 members of the WTO. This organisation has been very effective in reducing tariff barriers around the world and also has developed a range of agreements relating to intellectual property, technical barriers to trade and quarantine restrictions. Foreign investment review agencies Australia has a foreign investment review agency that reviews applications for foreign direct investment and approves or disapproves the projects according to whether they benefit the local economy. This can be assessed by considering factors such as local employment, local sourcing of components, transfer of technology and the degree of local ownership (International Business 5th edition) We will write a custom essay sample on Market Entry Strategies Essay Example specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Market Entry Strategies Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Market Entry Strategies Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Barbie Doll Poem Essays

Barbie Doll Poem Essays Barbie Doll Poem Paper Barbie Doll Poem Paper English 1B 7 November 2011 Never Enough, Never Perfect, Never Happy Society tells us what we should be, who we should be, what we should look and act like and what is perfect. Too many women try to fit this ideal of what we should be based on media and society in an imperfect world. Marge Piercy is criticizing this in her poem â€Å"Barbie doll†. The poem shows how ridiculous it is the way we try to conform to what society’s ideals are for the perfect woman. And presented dolls that did pee-pee/ miniature GE stoves and irons/ and wee lipsticks the color of cherry candy† (2-4). These are all traditional toys for girls but also things that have an influence on a girls identity and essentially put them in their place for their future roles in life. The dolls body image is what to look up to and a role model of sorts for how it is expected you should look to be pretty. The â€Å"GE stoves and irons† (3) show what kinds of things they wil l be expected to do when they grow up. The lipstick shows sexuality and that appearance is the most important of all. â€Å"Then in the magic of puberty, a classmate said:/ you have a great big nose and fat legs† (5-6). Puberty not only emphasizes the growing up and into a different stage in life because a girl starts her period but also when life can start to be more difficult because this is when kids start to be more mean and more critical of each other. The classmate criticizing her appearance starts a downward spiral into her endless struggle for perfection. â€Å"She went to and fro apologizing. Everyone saw a fat nose on thick legs† (10-11) shows how she repeatedly we try to gain others approvals and change things to make people happy and when we don’t we apologize for our imperfections. We have such a skewed view at this point that we think it is our fault and that we need to try harder if others don’t see us as the ideal woman in our society. We start to let others perceptions define w ho we are and skew our self-image into something grotesque. â€Å"She was advised†¦/exercise, diet, smile and wheedle† (12, 14) Piercy describes how society tells us what we must do to have others like us and to become the ideal. We must obey, shut up, and have the perfect body image or nobody will love us and we mustn’t love ourselves the way we are we must be continually trying to be someone we aren’t but someone everyone else thinks we should be. â€Å"Doesn’t she look pretty? everyone said. / To every woman a happy ending† (23, 25). These last few lines I think are the most important. You can hear them dripping with sarcasm and irony that only have she has killed herself and destroyed who she is by taking away what others deem to be imperfect is she finally accepted but at what cost? The reality is that it will never be enough no matter what we do because there will always be people who don’t like the way we are and demand that we change if we want to be accepted and so we will keep on trying and trying until there is nothing left of ourselves. We behave based on how others perceive us and we take offense and try to change ourselves when others put us down and try to tell us we aren’t who society says we should be. Marge Pierce describes in her poem how our struggle to conform to society and media can make us self destruct and harm ourselves in that endless pursuit. Stereotypical gender roles in our society dissolve our self-confidence and destroy our self-image. She ironically uses a Barbie doll to describe this as a Barbie is made to look perfect and made to look exactly like what we believe is the ideal for our society in the time that our society is in. The Barbie doll is idealized as a blonde who is attractive but dull, who doesn’t speak up and who knows little other than what she is told to do. Unfortunately, this is not a realistic image for girls today but it is exactly what they are being told is an acceptable role model.

Personal Viewpoint Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Personal Viewpoint Paper - Essay Example Once one reflects on the occurrences in his/her past life, one can be able to analyze the learning experiences in his life, and appreciate those moments. Throughout my life, I continue to encounter numerous experiences, which significantly affect my perception and understanding of the occurrences in life. Through these experiences I have learnt numerous things which have enriched my life immensely. Though some occurred subconsciously, others were instigated discussions held between myself and friends. While discussing various lifetime experiences with my friends, something I had always ignored occurred. My friend informed me of the inherent discrepancies present between environments where people grow up. The friend informed me of how he grew in a Muslim dominated society, and the difficult experiences he underwent as a Christian. With a majority of the people being Muslims, the childhood friends failed to understand the faith professed by my friend. The discrepancies in the fundament al teachings of the faiths caused numerous difficulties between the children professing different faiths. The children viewed each other as enemies creating immense tension and difficulty in creating friendships among children professing different faiths. After growing up, my friend’s understanding of Islamic faith enabled him to appreciate individuals professing the faith. My friend explained the various elements of the Islamic faith which caused the perception change. The discovery that a majority of the doctrines contained in the religions remain common across the religions was surprising. Through the explanation offered, I also gained an immense understanding of the Islamic religion. Although numerous accusations continue regarding the association of Islamic faith with terrorism, stereotyping could be explained as the causing element for these accusations. The fact that there are a quite many terrorists associated with Islamic faith should not be a benchmark for regarding all Muslims, terrorists. Stereotypical thinking with limited understanding of Islamic faith leads to fallacious conclusions regarding the religion. As a child, I had also held this populist believe as true. My understanding of the Islamic religious doctrines displayed the religion as modeling terrorist. Though a populist opinion, the believe fails miserably to present any factual argument supporting its contents. The belief, therefore, becomes a stereotypical populist opinion for disregarding individuals professing Islamic faith. Misinformation and misunderstanding contributed immensely to the thoughts of Muslims being terrorists. I realized there exists immense similarities between the religions, yet people tend to discriminate those professing different faiths. Acceptance of other people’s differences could also enable them to accept you into their society. It remains critically essential for individuals to accept that differences occur naturally between societies. The ele ment of discrimination, however, does not occur from the personality aspect. The discrimination fails to analyze the individuals for whom they are, however, discrimination occurs based on how people perceive others. The doctrines initiated in children during the early life contain significant influence in the people’s lives at later stages. Following the discussion with my friend, I realized how the environment changes people’

Summary of journals Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Summary of journals - Essay Example The author asserts that apart from the traditional use, there are a number of additional health benefits that have been proven by research. The flowers of the plant can improve benign prostatic hyperplasia symptoms whereas fruits can assist in lipid abnormalities and hangovers prevention. Some researchers have also suggested its role as a diuretic. Improved glycemic control is achieved if plants products are consumed along with oral hypoglycemic agents. Regarding the rising incidence of cancer, the author claims that Prickly pears can prevent carcinogenesis of certain origins. Like all medication, the use of this plant is also associated with a number of adverse effects. These are in the form of gastric disturbances and dermatitis like rash on the skin if plant products are applied topically. The dermatological manifestations of this dermatitis are similar to the rash of scabies which is primarily found on fingers, wrists, buttocks and genital area. Overall, the author has attempted to convince the readers about the potential benefits of the plant and to avoid bias; he has put forward a number of both beneficial and detrimental aspects of the plant before the readers, leaving it up to the readers to decide about the pros and cons themselves. The survival of plants on various regions of the earth is largely dependent upon the ranges of temperatures that persist in those areas. Interestingly, different parts of plants have varying sensitivities to the surrounding temperatures. Freezing temperatures can lead to disruption of cell structure due to ice crystal formation while exceedingly high temperatures may cause cell membrane disruption and denaturation of proteins. Gradual increase or decrease in ambient day/night temperatures can provide a plant the opportunity to adjust to new temperature ranges by developing tolerance due to the formation of certain cryoprotectants and proteins. This study focuses on Opuntia ficus-indica species and

Three Impressionist Works of Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Three Impressionist Works of Art - Essay Example The artists in the Impressionism subject matter were the daily work or routine in everyday’s life and the scenes during that period. They are known to include Camille Pissarro and Alfred Sisley who painted countryside and river scenes giving a clear example of what Impressionism was among another artist. Introduction In this context we are going to analyze critically on the contribution of three impressionists namely Claude Monet, Edouard Manet and Edgar Degas who are also known to be the contributors to the formation of Impressionism. In Claude Monet’s art we will use his art of a woman with a parasol, in Edouard’s art we will use his painting of Olympia (oil in canvas) while in Edgar’s art we will analyze his Glass of Absinthe (oil in canvas) Painting. Through their paintings, most artists were seen to be interested in their type of art and can be said to have influenced artists like Giuseppe De Nittis an Italian and James Abbott McNeill who was an Ameri can among others. In this setting, we will be able to see how the three painters tried to put across their negative feelings on the women as they show them as enjoying the freedom and luxury (Weinberg, 2009). 1. The three artists in the Impressionist period tried to use short strokes in painting using oil on canvas in which they used brighter colors by blending them to produce different shades in their paintings. In Claude Monet’s art which is believed to be her wife Camille Pissarro, he tries to portray a lady enjoying the breeze in the outside environment. In Edouard Manet’s painting on Olympia, there is a prostitute lying on the bed with white beddings which are tucked next to her is a lady who looks like her servant showing how she is relaxed. The nude picture of the prostitute can be seen to have won a necklace and a bangle showing how she is interested in jewelry which could be bought by the middle or upper class. In Edgar Degas pointing on the Glass of Absinthe commonly known as L’Absinthe, the setting is in a cafe with a lady and a gentleman sited next to a drink.

Impacts of Climate Change on Womens Rights

Impacts of Climate Change on Womens Rights Impacts of Climate Change on Women’s Human Rights: Bangladesh perspective 1. Introduction At present, the consequences of climate change including increased temperature, increased sea level, excess precipitation, droughts, biodiversity loss, natural disasters and reduced food production threaten human rights and social justice. These consequences have brought more adversely impacts on low-income countries, which have produced less greenhouse gases. In particular, some vulnerable groups such as women are more vulnerable to climate change because they have weaker ability to address the challenge of climate change. As one of the least-developed countries in the world, Bangladesh faces the enormous challenges of the global climate change. Women in Bangladesh have been seriously affected by the climate change, with their human rights under great threat. This essay will analyze how climate change affects the human rights of Bangladeshi women and find potential pathways to tackle these problems. It will achieve this by firstly giving definitions and basic analyses about climate change and human rights. Following this it will look at how Bangladeshi women’s rights to life, health and education were affected by climate change. Finally, it will seek to give effective advice for better response to these impacts. 2. Climate Change and Human Rights 2.1 Climate Change There are two major definitions of climate change that are widely used. The two different definitions are presented by Framework Convention on Climate Change (FCCC), and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). According to FCCC(1992) as cited by Pielke (2004), FCCC that focused on international policy, described climate change as â€Å"a change of climate that is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity, that alters the composition of the global atmosphere, and that is in addition to natural climate variability over comparable time periods†. On the other hand, IPCC that focused on scientific assessments defined climate change as â€Å"a change in the state of the climate that can be identified (e.g., by using statistical tests) by changes in the mean and/or the variability of its properties, and that persists for an extended period, typically decades or longer†(Qin, Stocker & IPCC, 2013 : p123-125). It is clear that IPCC give climate change a br oader definition than FCCC. On the ground of FCCC definition, the reduction of vulnerability cannot be realized except though greenhouse gas emissions. But according to IPCC definition, there are some measures including adaption policies effective to address ecological or societal vulnerability brought by climate change. In this paper, both of this will be taken into consider. 2.2 Human Rights Facts and studies have shown that climate change poses a great challenge to human rights issues. Human rights are the inherent rights of every individual, regardless of our nationality, place of residence, sex, ethnicity, religion, language or any other status (Ariella Azoulay,2015). As United Nations (n.d.) have noted, â€Å"human rights included the right to life and liberty, freedom from slavery and torture, freedom of opinion and expression, the right to work and education, and many more†. It is worth mentioning that the concept of human rights does not remain at the theoretical level, but is described and protected by International human rights law (IHRL) and some national laws. For example, in Britain the Human Rights Act 1998 was introduced to protect human rights. As womens human rights are gaining increasing attention in the context of advocating gender equality, some research and related institutions begin to focus on the impact of climate change on womens human rights and do some work to help local women in the climatic vulnerable areas. 3. Climate Change’s Effects on Women’s Human Rights in Bangladesh Bangladesh is one of the countries most likely to suffer adverse impacts from climate change. This is mainly influenced by two factors, one of which is its special geographical location and the other is its social and economic underdevelopment. The total land area in Bangladesh is 147,570 square kilometers, including 80% of the floodplains. As a result, during the rainy season, most parts of the country (except the Northwest Highlands) are prone to flooding. Saleemul Huqï ¼Ë†2001ï ¼â€°compared Bangladesh with the Netherlands, indicating that geographical location is not the only reason why Bangladesh is affected by severe climate change. Bangladesh and the Netherlands are both low-lying deltaic countries, but the Netherlands possesses enough financial and scientific capacity to build higher seawalls for protecting its citizens against natural disasters, but Bangladesh cannot. 3.1 Effect of Climate Change on the Right to Life Climate change has caused frequent natural disasters in Bangladesh. Gender issues have always been a marginalized topic in the context of climate change, but we can still find some gender-related data in related climate change studies. Women are less able to escape from natural disasters. For example, during the 1991 Bangladesh Cyclone, the mortality rate of women was five times higher than that of men among the 20-44 age group(UNEP,2005). The reasons why there was a such difference are as follows. First, there is an imbalance of information between men and women in Bangladesh. Men can communicate with each other in public places for access to information, while women are mostly at home, unable to obtain timely and useful warning messages. Secondly, most Bangladeshi women lack the skills to swim or climb trees, and their dresses are not conducive to their escape from the disaster. In addition, it is more difficult for women to get rescuing resources to deal with damage and loss from extreme weather events because of the long-standing social bias. In other words, the gender inequality in Bangladesh society contributes to the vulnerability of local women. 3.2 Effect of Climate Change on the Right to health As a result of climate change, womens work has become even more dangerous and difficult in the society of Bangladesh. In most poor communities, getting drinking water for their families is the responsibility for women, just as Bangladesh. Climate change causes problems of drought and salinization of water in Bangladesh (Aguilar Revelo, 2009). Women in families have to walk a long distance to obtain water resources, which consumes a large amount of their time and leads to high risks of injury and even death in the process. Climate change have driven child marriage risks in Bangladesh, with women’s right to health damaged. Natural disasters such as floods and droughts aroused by climate change have made thousands of people become displaced and lose their financial sources (e.g. crops). In this â€Å"hopeless† situation,   many parents have to marry their young daughters off. Girls Not Brides (2017) noted that Bangladesh already had one of highest rates of child marriage in the world at 52%. Around 30% of girls in Bangladesh are married before their 15th birthday. Early marriages make these girls more vulnerable to domestic violence, and pregnancy at a young age is harmful for women’s health. 3.3 Effect of Climate Change on the Right to Education High temperatures, droughts and floods have made farmers in rural areas lose their land, crops and livestock, then these people have to migrate from villages to the so-called â€Å"climate change refuges†in Dhaka. Education is free in rural Bangladesh, while it is not free in Dhaka   (Jabeen,2014).   In the face of high tuition fees and living costs, parents choose to let the girls give up education. Gender bias in Bangladesh society also contributes to the choice. Families often prefer to give boys the limited educational opportunities and the girls should make an effort for boys. Also, gathering water and producing crops become increasingly difficult due to extreme weather in Bangladesh so that girls have to stay at home to share the housework. It becomes more and more difficult for local women to participate in decision-making process of climate change policy and measures due to lack of education. As a result, many policies and measures for dealing with climate change are formulated almost entirely by men and can not accurately satisfy the demands of women. 4. Possible Solutions Protecting women’s human rights from climate change needs transboundary cooperation including international institutions, local government, NGOs. There are some suggestions to address the issue and to improve women’s human rights in the context of the climate change in Bangladesh. First, women’s empowerment in the decision-making process is of vital importance. Actually, this concept has been clearly stated in some policies or agreements, but it still faces many challenges in its practical application. For example,â€Å"The Paris Agreement†explicitly requires that gender equality and womens empowerment should be taken into account in addressing climate change, and gender differences should be considered in actions and capacity building to address climate change(Guiot,2016). However, in poor countries, womens empowerment is not easy to realize in practice because of social prejudices and the low educational level of women. For better empowerment, local governments should provide education subsidies or free education for these climate refugees. Relevant policies should be introduced to demand that all children including girls receive basic education. Compulsory education gives girls more employment opportunities and enables them to participate in the stages of social decision-making, making their voices heard in the area of addressing climate change issue. Moreover, womens education optimizes the demographic structure andthus has a positive impact on climate change. This creates a virtuous circle. Secondly, the infrastructure should be improved. As mentioned earlier, water is greatly affected by climate change, and womens access to water becomes more difficult and vulnerable. It seems impossible to change this culture in Bangladesh that women should get water for their families, but infrastructure projects can be implemented in local area to help them get watereasier. For example, local governments, corporations or international organizations can invest money and technology to establish water factories to enable local residents to use clean tap water directly. In addition, construction of the roads and schools in local villages can also reduce the time and distance to go to school. As a result, the way of getting water becomes safe and women can have more time for education. Finally, womens access to early warning information and the basic skills to deal with disasters should be improved. For example, the local government and other non-governmental organizations can provide local women with free disaster-resistant training. Considering the low-level education of local women, training materials should be designed easy to understand. And a special information transmission team including female should be set up to timely transmit important information to women groups and reflect the demands of women. 5. Conclusion Women in Bangladesh is one of the most vulnerable groups when it comes to the impact of climate change. With the impact of climate change, women not only need to spend more time in domestic work, but also becomes more vulnerable in the process. Climate change has aggravated the problem of poverty, leading to the emergence of dropouts and child marriages. In fact, women’s rights to life, health and education have been adversely affected by climate change. Fortunately, more and more agencies and researchers have been aware of this issue and done some related research. These research outcomes have been gradually affecting the governments policies about climate change. However, increasing the human rights of women in Bangladesh will require more efforts from multiple agencies. The essay also provides some possible ways in practice to deal with the problem, including women’s empowerment in decision-making process, constructing tap water factories, improving local roads, disaster prevention training for women. 6. References [1] Qin D, Stocker T. & Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Working Group I. (2013) Climate change 2013: the physical science basis, p123-125. [2] Pielke, R.A.(2004) What is Climate Change? Energy & Environment. 15 (3), 515-520. [3] Ariella Azoulay. (2015) What Are Human Rights? Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East. 35 (1), 8-20. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/1089201X-2876056 [Accessed Nov.3th 2017]. [4] United nations. (n.d.) Human Rights. Available: http://www.un.org/en/sections/issues-depth/human-rights [Accessed Nov.4th 2017]. [5] Saleemul, Huq. (2001) Climate Change and Bangladesh. Science (New York, N.Y.), 294(5547), p.1617. [6] United Nations Environment Programme. (2005) Mainstreaming Gender in Environmental Assessment and Early Warning. Available: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11822/8559[Accessed Nov.4th 2017]. [7] Aguilar Revelo, L. (2009) Training Manual On Gender and Climate Change. Gland, Switzerland, IUCN, pp.120-122. [8] Girls Not Brides.(2016) How Is Climate Change Driving Child Marriage? Available: https://www.girlsnotbrides.org/hidden-connections-climate-change-child-marriage-bangladesh/[Accessed Nov.5th 2017] [9] Jabeen, H. (2014) Adapting the built environment: the role of gender in shaping vulnerability and resilience to climate extremes in Dhaka. Environment & Urbanization. 26 (1), 147-165. [10] Guiot, J. & Cramer, W. (2016) Climate change: The 2015 Paris Agreement thresholds and Mediterranean basin ecosystems. Science. 354 (6311), 465-468.

The Dead :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Dead   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When Gabriel Conroy delivers his wordy yet incredibly moving speech to the gaggle of Dubliners gathered together for the Holidays, he worries, possibly even fears, death. He talks of the future, making it sound cold and inhospitable. He lays compliments on his aunts one after the other about their â€Å" perennial youth’ (pg.166) and their kid ways. Gabriel addresses both the future and the present using a compare and contrast method, making one seem comforting and homey, the other dark and unknown. This comparison adds the aspect of death to Gabriel’s speech because of impermanence of his Aunt Julia and Aunt Kate; the impermanence of good old Irish hospitality, warmth and love.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The reader is also a sense of Gabriel’s desperate fear of death when he speaks of his Aunt Kate and Aunt Julia. He seems defiant of the fact that they are both old and won’t be around to throw parties like these much longer. Gabriel constantly harps on their energy and youthfulness. At first, he sounds simply like a polite young man fiercely complimenting his elder family members as many people do. But as his speech continues and he begins to discuss the attributes of each aunt and how they effect everyone else in the room, Gabriel begins to sound more and more like he is trying to grab and hold on to something completely intangible. And I think that â€Å"thing† is youth. He is trying to preserve his aunts, and every wonderful thing that they represent, forever. He sees that once they perish, there will be no one to throw these parties anymore, no one to extend a warm welcome to anyone who enters their home. In the future, without Gabrielâ₠¬â„¢s aunts, everything they know today will gone; all because of death.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Gabriel starts out his speech with talk of the ideas, both political and scientific, that are beginning to sprout out of young people’s minds as they speak. He fears that these young, educated people will not look back on parties like they are holding at this moment and recognizes the â€Å" qualities of humanity, of hospitality, of kindly humour† (pg. 165) that run rampant through each and every room. He seems to realize the importance of these qualities and he fears that when his generation dies out, so will the mannerisms of the Old Irish ways, the comfort these ways bring him, and mostly, life as he knows it.